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[优秀论文]论现代公司管理- 对绩效考核认识上的误区

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发表于 2007-1-15 09:50:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">论现代公司管理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">对绩效考核认识上的误区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">  </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">绩效考核是绩效管理的一个核心环节,也是人力资源管理的一个重要内容。公正、合理的绩效考核能有效地激励员工,改善员工的行为,调动员工的积极性,从而使其取得更好的绩效,为企业造更多的利润。然而,在实际运作过程中,员工甚至一些高层管理者对绩效考核的认识上还存在一些误区,本文结合工作中遇的情况加以探讨。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">一、人力资源部担任绩效考核主角。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">企业普遍的一个认识是绩效考核仅仅是人力资源部的事,其他部门与此无关。这种观点显然是错误的。首先,作为绩效管理的一个关键环节,绩效考核的目的是考核整个公司员工及其管理者的绩效,发现优势,找出差距,并就考核结果与被考核者进行沟通,以有效地改善被考核者的行为,最终实现员工个人目标和企业组织目标。绩效考核的结果影响着被考核者的薪酬与晋升,因此与被考核者的利益息息相关。从这个角度来看,绩效考核不仅仅是人力资源部关注的事,更是被考核者关心的事。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">  其次,在绩效考核过程中需要对多个不同的指标进行考核,有定性的也有定量的,而这些数值与结果的获得都需要不同部门的大力配合。例如,要考核营销人员的绩效,任务绩效所占比重很大,那么销售收入及货款回笼的数值就成为直接的评价指标,而这些数值的取得需要营销部门的如实反馈,需要财务部门的报表统计。此外,对于营销人员的态度与能力的考核,就需要其同事、上级及其他部门的大力配合。这就体现了不同部门间的协调与沟通对绩效考核的重要性。我认为,人力资源部只是绩效考核的组织者和执行者,被考核者是绩效考核的主人公,而其他部门或考核者则主要担任参与者的角色。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">  二、考核只关注个人绩效。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">在传统的基于岗位的人力资源管理中,详细的岗位说明书明确地规定员工的职责。对岗位所要求任务的完成情况是考核的重点,考核强调要落实到个人。但随着社会的发展,工作变得越来越复杂。过分强调落实到个人的考核会把考核本身引入死胡同。强调落实到个人的考核强化了员工的本职行为,却在无形之中限制了员工的超职责行为,淡化了员工的合作意识和团队精神。过分强调落实到个人的考核,往往容易忽视周边绩效问题。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">我认为,从绩效的分类来看,绩效不仅有个人绩效,还有组织绩效、团队绩效和流程绩效等,因此企业在进行绩效考核指标设定时,需根据各岗位的实际情况,来选择是否要适当加入一些与团队绩效和流程绩效(尤其是一些跨部门流程)相关的指标。因为,从绩效目标的来源来看,不仅有岗位应负职责,还有自上而下的战略目标分解,还有内外部客户的需求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">三、钟情于多角度(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">360</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">度)考评。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">360</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">度考评听起来让人感觉似乎很全面、客观。但是,实际上,这种方法对企业管理来说有很多问题:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">、自下而上的考评让企业的管理人员产生不信任、不安全感,并且处理不好会削弱管理人员的管理效果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">、多角度的考评,看似全面,但是由于考评者自身的信息有限、考评能力不高、沟通不利等原因往往导致考评结果混乱,更加不客观。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">、多角度考评本身复杂、工作量大,往往半途而废。即使企业坚持搞下去也可能怨声载道,影响了管理效果。其实,管理是手段,要发挥较好的作用应该在可能的情况下尽量简单。所以,我个人认为,企业最好不用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">360</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">度考评。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">  </span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">四、考核敌不过情面。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">一段时间内,很多企业将绩效考核定位于惩罚、扣工资的一个手段。其实,企业在一开始实施绩效考核时,这种定位起到了一定的积极作用。因为绩效考核从无到有,员工对其产生一种新鲜感,并且也获得了发表评论与看法的机会;同时,员工都害怕自己的成绩不好,直接牵涉到资金的收入和面子。所以,经过了一段时间运作后,部门间、上下级之间开始互相包庇,导致考核分不相上下的局面;而且,即使有工作失误,考核时被扣分,也感觉无所谓,因为就是扣几块钱的问题,考核开始流于形式化。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">越来越多的员工甚至一些主管都认为绩效考核只是一种形式,起不到其应有的作用,可有可无;在情面面前,绩效考核显得那么苍白无力。我认为,造成这种情况的主要原因可能有:(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">)绩效考核相关培训不充分。(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">)绩效考核没有得到高层实际的支持;(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">)绩效考核指标本身设置不合理,促成了主观性、不可控制性的发生;(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">)人际关系因素的影响;(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">)各部门、上下级缺乏有效的沟通机制;(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">对事先对人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">的惯性与文化。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">   </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">五、绩效考核等同于绩效管理。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">绩效管理是人力资源管理的核心,它是指组织为了达到目标,通过持续开放的沟通过程,使员工明确未来的工作,指导并监督任务的完成。绩效管理是一个完整的管理过程,包括绩效计划、绩效控制、绩效考核和绩效反馈。绩效管理的根本目的是为了持续改善组织和个人的绩效,最终实现企业的战略目标。完善的绩效管理体系应当起到沟通公司战略、指引努力方向、层层落实推进公司战略目标的作用。绩效管理的过程,通过规范化的工作目标设定、绩效考核与反馈工作,改进管理人员的管理能力和成效,促进被考核者工作方法和绩效的提升,最终实现组织整体工作方法和工作绩效的提升。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">因此,我个人认为,绩效考核是绩效管理过程的一个环节,绩效管理能否达到预期的效果,关键之一在于绩效考核是否具有公正性和科学性。错误地将绩效考核等同于绩效管理,会造成绩效目标不明确,绩效管理过程无法控制,最终绩效得不到反馈,从而使员工绩效和组织绩效都无法提高。另外,绩效考核关注的是对过去执行结果的评估,对员工具有威慑性作用;而绩效管理关注的是实现未来的战略计划,对员工具有牵引性作用。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">  作为绩效管理的一个关键环节,绩效考核是否能够得到成熟的认知将直接决定着企业绩效考核和绩效管理的成败。企业需要克服以上五个认识上的误区,做好各自在绩效考核和绩效管理的角色。作为人力资源部,要合理组织、高效执行绩效考核;作为企业管理层,要切实关注绩效考核;作为其他部门和员工,要积极地参与和充分运用绩效考核,同时要做到客观、公正。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;</span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p>

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 楼主| 发表于 2007-1-15 09:51:45 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;</span></span></font><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">创建有效年度培训计划</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">人才是企业最重要的资源,人才的培训教育是人力资源开发获取高素质人才的一种基本原动力。世界各国对人才培训、人力资源开发的投资不断增加,培训教育日益法制化与制度化,培训教育职能日益专业化。培养和造就一支能适应市场竞争的良好的员工队伍是企业的当务之急。但在大多数的企业,培训依然处于一个非常尴尬的局面。很多时候我们更多追求架构上的完整和形式,心理效果大于实际效果。如何才能使企业培训真正落到实处呢?有一个前提是作为人力资源总监不能忽视的,那就是创建有效的年度培训计划。那么,如何才能够创建有效的年度培训计划呢?我个人认为应从以下几个方面考虑:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  一、计划要结合企业经营需要</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  培训计划一定要跟公司的经营结合起来,如果单方面满足群众的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">喜好</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">,就成了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">无本之木</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">。因而,做好培训计划首先要了解企业经营的需要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  一般来说,企业希望培训首先是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">长期战略</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">,能够满足企业长期经营对人力资源的需要。对一个想要发展或正在发展的企业来说,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">长期战略</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">至关重要,有时甚至能决定企业的生死存亡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  其次是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">中期战略</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">,主要是为了满足企业年度经营对人力资源的需要而采取的培训活动。因而,几乎所有培训的最终目的都是提高员工工作效率、改善组织绩效,以达成企业战略目标。在公司内部,对公司未来愿景、经营方向及下一年工作目标最了解的可能就是管理高层。通过与管理高层的沟通,不仅可以了解他们对培训成效的期望值,对培训计划所持的态度,还很有可能得到他们对培训计划的承诺和鼎力支持,这也对下一步工作的开展极为有利。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  再次是职位目的,这是为了满足员工高水平完成本职工作的需要,提高职位所需知识、技能、态度、经验而对员工采取的培训活动。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  最后是个人目的,为了满足员工达成其职业生涯规划目标需要而由企业提供的培训。这对员工个人的良性发展起到了重要的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  二、内容要贴近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">群众</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  计划虽然要满足企业经营需要,但最终参与培训的却是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">广大群众</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">,因而闭门造车不可取。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  制定正确的培训计划,首先就要检核去年培训计划实施情况,然后进行广泛调查。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">进行需求调查的最好方式就是拟定问卷。问卷的设计一定要简单易答,能激发被调查者的兴趣。前面也谈到,计划最终要经过高层的批准才能真正实施。在征求高层意见的同时,也意味着了解到企业经营的需要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  对于职位技能的培训,除了使用调查问卷外,还可结合访谈的形式进一步了解企业需求。具体过程就是向各级管理者和他的下级进行调查,以分析绩效评估表、技能项目需求调查表、重点人群的抽样面谈的方式,确定员工岗位技能差距和重点的技能培训项目。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  对于个人职业生涯需求的培训项目,需向员工及其管理者调查,以分析职业生涯规划表、管理者与下级面谈结果的方式,确定培训项目。访谈一方面是为了了解需求,另一方面也是让被调查者参与进来,多一个同盟军。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  最后要注重分析。对于通过调查所得来的数据必须进行系统的分析,找出通过培训可以解决的方法。不可否认,培训确实可以提高员工素质和团队凝聚力,但是培训的效果一旦被夸大,成为包除百病的药方后问题就会出现。对培训期望过高,会导致有些企业在培训后感觉效果不佳。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  三、争取资金支持</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  对有固定培训预算的企业,大多根据员工数量或全年销售额确定一个合适比例。常见的比例为总销售额的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2%</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3%</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">,以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5%</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">为上限。对新公司、新部门,或新进人员较多的公司,预算会相对高一些</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">而平稳且有经验的公司,可相对低一点。但对多数企业来说,培训还是一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">奢侈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">的消费,原因就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">经费</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">永远是短缺的。作为培训主管不能一厢情愿地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">制定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">计划,一定要摸清底细,采取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">要事第一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">的原则,并善于将培训模块组合。下面介绍一套</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">零基预算法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”(Zero-Base Budgeting, ZBB)</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">以供参考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  零基预算法由美国德州仪器公司的彼得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">·A·</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">菲尔于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1970</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">年提出,首先由乔治亚州政府采用,取得了很好的成效后为企业界广泛使用。零基预算法的编制和审批程序如下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、在审查预算前,项目主管首先必须明确组织的目标,并将长远目标、近期目标、定量目标和非定期目标之间关系的轻重次序搞清楚,建立起一套可考核的目标体系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、在审查预算时,一切活动从零开始。凡是要求在下一年度开展的活动或项目,都必须递交可行性分析报告,以证明确有存在的必要,并提交具体的计划,说明各项开支要达到的目标和效益</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、确定出最重要的事项后,根据已定出的目标体系重新排出各项活动的优先次序</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、编制预算,资金按重新排出的优先次序分配,尽可能满足排在前面的活动的需要,当资金紧张时,可暂时放弃一些项目。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  零基预算法的优点是明显的,但也存在着一些缺点,如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">审查每一个项目是极其繁重的工作,所投入的人力、物力和时间颇为可观</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">安排项目先后次序难免存在相当程度的主观性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  零基预算法的真正意义在于把企业的活动与企业的目标紧密结合起来,真正做到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">目标导向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">,从根本上避免了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">为培训而培训</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">的低效行为。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  四、计划可利用的资源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  优秀的企业都有一套非常完整的培训体系和课程,并且大都有自己的企业大学。根据企业自身的需求,设计出最适合的培训课程,创造最理想的企业学习氛围,这为整合企业资源,最大程度地提高培训效果起到关键作用。完善而有效的培训一定是内外培训的结合,所以内训的地位不可小觑。多数企业也许不能跟世界知名企业相提并论,但是善于挖掘和利用内部资源对企业发展是非常有益的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  除了以上四个方面,培训计划的制定还有七大原则</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  原则一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">培训计划必须首先从公司经营出发,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">好看</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">更要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">有用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  原则二</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">更多的人参与,将获得更多的支持</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  原则三</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">: </font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">培训计划的制定必须要进行培训需求调查</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  原则四</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">在计划制定过程中,应考虑设计不同的学习方式来适应员工的需要和个体差异</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  原则五</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">尽可能多的得到公司最高管理层和各部门主管承诺及足够的资源来支持各项具体培训计划,尤其是学员培训时间上的承诺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  原则六</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">提高培训效率要采取一些积极性的措施</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  原则七</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">注重培训细节。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:"> 五、 作好年度培训需求分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  培训需求分析是否有效决定了培训计划是否准确。培训的需求分析是有方法的,掌握了年度培训需求分析的技巧,单项培训需求分析就更简化、更容易操作了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、合纵连横</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">启动工作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  年度培训需求分析一般在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">月份启动。在进行培训需求分析之前,先在公司内营造一种氛围</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">条件允许的话,可以召开一次相关人员的启动会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">,让上至领导、部门经理,下至普通员工都有心里准备,有时间去思考自身、部门、整个公司的培训需求在哪里,引起每个人的重视,将培训需求分析视为自己工作中的一项重要内容。在进行培训需求分析之前要明确以下事项</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  取得公司各级管理人员的参与和支持。公司高层管理者的支持能保证培训需求分析过程顺利进行,他们的意见往往决定了培训的大方向。如果缺少了领导的参与,就无法获得他们对于培训的看法,设计的培训也不是他们所要的,保持与公司管理者的良好沟通在整个培训需求分析的过程中显得尤为重要,直接影响到下年度开展培训工作的指导思想和工作重点。同时,只有取得各级管理者的支持,才能保证需求分析的行政过程顺利进行,如培训需求分析面谈人员的安排、调查问卷的填写及按时回收等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  培训本身并不能解决问题。如果认识不到这一点,就会对培训抱有过高的期望,往往会产生失望的心理。培训是通过提高员工的技能,改变员工的行为与习惯来解决问题。把培训当成是万能解药非常危险,很多问题通过培训是解决不了的,一个有技能的员工也有可能无法胜任他的岗位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  明确绩效标准和衡量尺度。员工的期望表现和现实表现之间的差距就是培训需求。培训需求包含了企业的需求、群体的需求和员工个人需求三个不同的层面。培训需求不是主管和员工的主观期望,也不是超过岗位要求的优秀表现。如果期望一个普通的操作工讲一口流利的英语,从员工个人发展的角度来看当然是好的,但他的工作中根本用不到英语,因此就不是真正的培训需求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、找准端点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">系统分析</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  培训必然为业务运营服务,因此,培训需求的分析首先要从业务需求开始。要将负责培训的成员按照企业的职能区域进行分工,每个人负责一个区域,了解相关业务,最后再汇总到一起,从而将培训需求分析进行到深处,真正做到想业务部门之所想。在了解部门的业务之后,就要引导部门从业务需求开始寻找培训需求。一般来说,可以从以下几个方面去分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  企业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">部门上一年度目标完成情况、下一年度目标。企业的运营具有连续性,未完成的目标有可能延续到下一年度,如果不清楚企业上一年度目标未完成的原因,就会影响下一年度的业绩。目标未完成的原因需要逐项进行分析,如果问题可以通过培训来解决就产生了培训需求。同样,企业在未来的一年中会设定很多的目标,尤其是有很多新技术、新项目,这些对于企业来说是新的内容。新事物的导入需要一个载体,培训正是起到了这样的作用,通过培训可以大大加快员工对新事物的认识和接收速度。除了新的目标外,其它的目标也要逐项进行分析,分析在每项目标中培训扮演什么角色,如何帮助企业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">部门达成目标。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  分析企业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">区域</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">部门的组织结构。首先,了解部门的主要职责以确定部门培训需求的主要方向。其次,了解部门的人数、必备技能、特殊技能、稀缺技能,以确定培训需求的数量及技能种类。然后,清楚员工的年龄、学历、职位等信息,这些将直接影响到培训的内容、方式、深度与侧重点。如果部门以管理人员为主,培训的侧重点多为管理类。同时,要为公司后备人才发展设计相关的培训,这不仅关系到员工的个人发展,对公司的长期发展更为重要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  过往的培训记录。查看以往的培训记录,一方面可以了解过去培训所取得的效果,更重要的是要了解哪些是需要重复培训的,很多培训不会一蹴而就,需要反复进行培训以达到良好的效果,如企业文化、员工岗位技能培训,这些是对员工的基本要求,此类培训的需求通常是每年都有,属于常规重点项目。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、以过程保证结果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  培训需求分析活动的有效性需要有完整的工作过程来保证。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  培训需求分析过程的策划和设计。首先要确定整个过程的时间及主要任务、负责人,要有完整的方案及行动计划,并且取得相关人员的认可。其次,事先设计好培训需求分析过程将使用到的方法、工具和表格,要提前验证工具的有效性,要实用又简洁,便于操作。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  培训需求分析数据的收集汇总。培训需求分析最终要产生培训计划,分析过程中的数据尤为重要,要把了解到的培训需求准确地记录下来,并及时进行反馈与汇总。数据收集的方法有很多种,比较有效的方法是调查问卷法和访谈法。调查问卷可以根据企业特点进行设计,发至各个部门,让员工根据问卷中的内容进行填写,完成后交回给培训团队成员。接下来,根据反馈回来的调查问卷进行部门走访面谈,主要访谈部门经理,使用访谈表,主要访谈从调查问卷得不出的培训需求或对理解不清晰的地方进行重新确认。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  数据分析。将收集到的分散的培训需求信息汇总到一起,分析访谈数据,概述所有的访谈结果,汇总访谈的数据,寻找共同点,按公司、部门不同层面进行分析,可得出公司、部门层面分别需要的培训,具体人群与人数。这些数据分析后就可形成培训计划的初稿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">  在进行培训需求分析时,需要用到大量的相关信息。如果有些涉及到公司的信息培训部门无法获取,就需要人力资源部统一归纳整理后提供给培训部门使用,如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:1</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、上一年度目标完成情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;2</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、下一年度重大信息</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">如公司年度目标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;3</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、上一年度培训完成情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;4</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、上一年度绩效情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">部门、个人绩效</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;5</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">、公司内培训资源库信息。</span><span style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:;mso-hansi-font-family:&amp;quot:;times new roman&amp:;quot:">总的来说,年度培训计划的创建,只要遵循科学的方法体系,一个有效而且人人满意的计划就可顺利完成。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><p></p></span></p>
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